Public opinion measurement was subcontracted to the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) of the University of Chicago, and their report was released beginning in February, 1965. with their thunder, the sonic boom, they were punishing all living creatures on earth."
Angeluscheff, a prominent hearing specialist serving with the National Academy of Science, recalled: "I was witness to the fact that men were executing their brethren during six long months. An Oklahoma City Times headline reported: "Silence is deafening!" Zhivko D. The pressure put a premature end to the tests. Oklahoma City council members were finally beginning to respond to citizen complaints and put pressure on Washington. By July, The Washington Post reported on the turmoil at the local and state level in Oklahoma. On June 6 the Saturday Review published an article titled The Era of Supersonic Morality, which criticized the manner in which the FAA had targeted a city without consulting local government. Finally, East Coast newspapers began to pick up the issue, turning on the national spotlight. The federal Bureau of the Budget lambasted the FAA about poor experiment design, while complaints flooded into U.S. A restraining order was then sought, which brought a pause to the tests on May 13 until it was decided that the court had exceeded its authority. An attempt to lodge an injunction against the tests was denied by district court Judge Stephen Chandler, who said that the plaintiffs could not establish that they suffered any mental or physical harm and that the tests were a vital national need. By late spring, organized civic groups were already springing into action, but were rebuffed by city politicians, who asked them to show legislators their support.
#BONGO 2 WINDOWS#
However, in the first 14 weeks, 147 windows in the city's two tallest buildings, the First National Bank and Liberty National Bank, were broken. An FAA-hired camera crew, filming a group of construction workers, were surprised to find that the booms signalled their lunch break. This was chalked up to the booms being predictable and coming at specific times. Oklahomans initially took the tests in stride. Though eight booms per day were harsh, the peak overpressures of 2.0 psf were supposedly an order of magnitude lower than that needed to shatter glass, and are considered marginally irritating according to published standards. This range was about equal to that expected from an SST. The noise was limited to 1.0 to 1.5 pound-force per square foot (48 to 72 pascal) for the first twelve weeks, then increased to 1.5 to 2.0 psf (72 to 96 pascal) for the final fourteen weeks. The Air Force used F-104 fighter and B-58 bomber aircraft to produce the booms, along with the occasional F-101 and F-106. Starting on February 3, 1964, the first sonic booms began, eight booms per day that began at 7 a.m. The negative publicity associated with the tests partially influenced the 1971 cancellation of the Boeing 2707 project and the United States' complete withdrawal from SST design. ĭespite this the testing was stopped early, in the wake of damage complaints, and although the final report said that "the overwhelming majority felt they could learn to live with the numbers and kinds of booms experienced" the FAA's poor handling of complaints led to a class action lawsuit against the U.S. Oklahoma City's population was perceived to be relatively tolerant of such an experiment, as it had an economic dependency on the nearby Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center and Tinker Air Force Base and, in fact, the local Chamber of Commerce threw a celebratory dinner when Oklahoma was selected.
The experiment was intended to quantify the effects of transcontinental supersonic transport (SST) aircraft on a city, to measure the booms' effect on structures and public attitude, and to develop standards for boom prediction and insurance data. The Oklahoma City sonic boom tests, also known as Operation Bongo II, refer to a controversial experiment, organised by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in which 1,253 sonic booms were generated over Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, over a period of six months starting in February 1964. ( August 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations.
0 kommentar(er)
